Osteoporosis of the spine

• Osteoporosis most commonly occurs in older women, and is a result of the loss of bone mineral density, which weakens normal bone.
• Osteoporotic fracture typically occurs in the wrists, spine and hips.
• The loss of bone strength, particularly in the elderly, can lead to spine fractures following minimal trauma.
• These fractures can be very painful and disabling. Vertebral steoporotic fracture often heal in a position that may lead to increasing curvature of the spine (kyphosis).
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Tumours of the spine

• Tumors of the spine are usually metastatic, meaning they originate from a primary tumor elsewhere in the body and spread to the spine via the lymph nodes or bloodstream.
• Tumors can grow into the spinal cord causing neurological problems.
• In addition, tumors may destroy vertebral bodies causing collapse and thus, local or radiating pain.
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Degenerative Disc Diseases

• Degenerative Disc Diseases are among the most common spine conditions with significant impact on health related quality of life, use of health care resources and socio-economic costs.
• The increasing age of the population will require an increased need for the treatment of degenerative spinal disorders particularly disc prolapse, spinal stenosis, discogenic backpain and degenerative spondylolisthesis.
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Herniated Disc

• A herniated disc occurs when a portion of the vertebral disc ruptures. This ruptured portion may push on nerves in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar areas.
• This pressure on the nerves can often lead to numbness and pain. Smaller herniations are sometimes called protrusions.
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Spondylolisthesis

• Spondylolisthesis is defined as a slip of one vertebral body relative to an adjacent vertebral body.
• This spinal condition most commonly presents as a degenerative disease in adults but may be present in adolescents as a result of deformity or trauma.
• Often there is mild to moderate back pain. If the slip is compressing a nerve, leg pain often develops.
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Spinal Trauma

• Spinal trauma results from significant physical injury sustained as a result of high energy impacts/transfer.
• Motor vehicle accidents and falls from heights account for a large portion of spinal trauma.
• These injuries can lead to compression of one or more vertebrae. Weakened bones (osteoporosis) can also lead to fracture at a low level of trauma.
• A traumatic episode can result in the sudden onset of back pain.
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Spinal interventional pain therapy

Vertebroplasty / Kyphoplasty

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Artificial disc replacement surgery

- Cervical disc replacement
- Lumbar disc replacement

Spinal deformity correction surgery

- Scoliosis correction surgery
- Kyphosis correction surgery

Surgery for infection of the spine

Thorascopic spinal surgery

Minimally invasive spinal surgeries